Present Simple Tense in Spanish
The present simple tense (presente de indicativo) is used to describe habitual actions, general truths, and actions happening right now. This lesson will introduce you to the present simple tense in Spanish, including conjugation rules for regular and irregular verbs, examples, and exercises to help you practice.
Conjugation of Regular Verbs
Spanish verbs are divided into three groups based on their infinitive endings: -ar, -er, and -ir.
-AR Verbs
To conjugate regular -ar verbs, remove the -ar ending and add the following endings:
- Yo: -o
- Tú: -as
- Él/Ella/Usted: -a
- Nosotros/Nosotras: -amos
- Vosotros/Vosotras: -áis
- Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes: -an
Example: hablar (to speak)
- Yo hablo
- Tú hablas
- Él/Ella/Usted habla
- Nosotros/Nosotras hablamos
- Vosotros/Vosotras habláis
- Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes hablan
-ER Verbs
To conjugate regular -er verbs, remove the -er ending and add the following endings:
- Yo: -o
- Tú: -es
- Él/Ella/Usted: -e
- Nosotros/Nosotras: -emos
- Vosotros/Vosotras: -éis
- Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes: -en
Example: comer (to eat)
- Yo como
- Tú comes
- Él/Ella/Usted come
- Nosotros/Nosotras comemos
- Vosotros/Vosotras coméis
-
Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes comen
-IR Verbs
To conjugate regular -ir verbs, remove the -ir ending and add the following endings:
- Yo: -o
- Tú: -es
- Él/Ella/Usted: -e
- Nosotros/Nosotras: -imos
- Vosotros/Vosotras: -ís
- Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes: -en
Example: vivir (to live)
- Yo vivo
- Tú vives
- Él/Ella/Usted vive
- Nosotros/Nosotras vivimos
- Vosotros/Vosotras vivís
- Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes viven
Conjugation of Irregular Verbs
Some verbs are irregular in the present simple tense and do not follow the regular conjugation patterns. Here are some common irregular verbs:
Ser (to be)
- Yo soy
- Tú eres
- Él/Ella/Usted es
- Nosotros/Nosotras somos
- Vosotros/Vosotras sois
- Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes son
Estar (to be)
- Yo estoy
- Tú estás
- Él/Ella/Usted está
- Nosotros/Nosotras estamos
- Vosotros/Vosotras estáis
- Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes están
Ir (to go)
- Yo voy
- Tú vas
- Él/Ella/Usted va
- Nosotros/Nosotras vamos
- Vosotros/Vosotras vais
- Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes van
Tener (to have)
- Yo tengo
- Tú tienes
- Él/Ella/Usted tiene
- Nosotros/Nosotras tenemos
- Vosotros/Vosotras tenéis
- Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes tienen
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Examples and Common Phrases
- Yo hablo español - I speak Spanish.
- Nosotros comemos en casa - We eat at home.
- Ellos viven en Madrid - They live in Madrid.
- Ella es estudiante - She is a student.
- Tú tienes un perro - You have a dog.
Exercises
Exercise 1: Conjugate the Verbs
Conjugate the following verbs in the present simple tense.
- (hablar) - Yo _____, Tú _____, Él/Ella/Usted _____, Nosotros/Nosotras _____, Vosotros/Vosotras _____, Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes _____
- (comer) - Yo _____, Tú _____, Él/Ella/Usted _____, Nosotros/Nosotras _____, Vosotros/Vosotras _____, Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes _____
- (vivir) - Yo _____, Tú _____, Él/Ella/Usted _____, Nosotros/Nosotras _____, Vosotros/Vosotras _____, Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes _____
Exercise 2: Fill in the Blanks
Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb in parentheses.
- Yo _____ (ser) profesor.
- Tú _____ (tener) una bicicleta.
- Nosotros _____ (estar) en la escuela.
- Ellos _____ (ir) al cine.
- Ella _____ (comer) una manzana.
Exercise 3: Translate the Sentences
Translate the following sentences from English to Spanish.
- I live in a big city.
- We are happy.
- They go to the park.
- You (informal) speak French.
- He has a cat.
Exercise 4: Create Sentences
Create sentences using the following verbs in the present simple tense.
- escribir (to write)
- estudiar (to study)
- beber (to drink)
- trabajar (to work)
- aprender (to learn)
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